the foundation of the new empire; & at the same time he propagated
the Roman Catholic religion into all his conquests, obliging the Saxons
& Hunns who were heathens, to receive the Roman faith, & distributing
his northern conquests into Bishopricks, & granting tith\e/s to the Clergy
& Peter\-/pence to the Pope: by all w^ch the Church of Rome was highly
enlarged, enriched, exalted, & established.

In a small book printed at Paris 1689, & entituled, |,| An hs |i|storical
dissertation upon some coins of Charles the great, Ludovicus p |P|ius, Lo-
tharius, & their successors, stamped at Rome,1 there is a draught of a piece
of Mosaic work w^ch Pope Leo III caused to be made in his Palace neare
the Church of Iohn Lateran, in memory of his sending the standard or
banner of the city of Rome curiously wrought, to Charles the great,
& which still remained there at the publishing of the said book. In the
Mosaic work there appeared Peter with three keys in his lap, reaching
the pallium to the Pope with his right hand, & the banner of the city
to Charles the great with his left. By the Pope is this inscription,
SCISSIMVS D.N. LEO PP; by the king this, D.N. CAROLO REGI; & under the
feet of Pet [illeg] |e|r this, BEATE PETRE, DONA VITAM LEONI PP, ET
VICTORIAM CAROLO REGI DONA. This Monument gives the title of
King to Charles, & therefore was erected before he was Emperor. It was
erected when Peter was reaching the Pallium to the Pope, & the Pope was send-
ing the banner of the city to Charles, that is, A.C. 796. The words above, viz^t
Sanctissimus Dominus noster Leo Papa Domino nostro Carolo Regi , relate
to the message; & the words below, viz^t Beate Petre, dona vitam Leoni Papæ
& victoriam Carolo regi dona , are a prayer that in this undertaking God
would preserve the life of the Pope, & give victory to the king over the Ro-
mans. The three keys in the lap of Peter signify the keys of the three
parts of his patrimony, viz^t that of Rome with its Dutchy, which the \Pope claimed &/ was
conquering, & those of Ravenna with the Exarchate, & of the territories
taken from the Lombards; both which he had newly conquered. These
were the three dominions, whose keys were in the lap of S. Peter, & whose
Crowns are now worn by the Pope, & by the conquest of which he became
the little horn of the fourth Beast. By Peter's giving the Pallium to
the Pope with his right hand, & the banner of the city to the king w^th
his left, & by naming the Pope before the king in the inscription, may
be understood that the Pope was then reckoned superior in dignity to the
kings of the Earth.

After the death of Charles the gre [t] |a|t, his son & successor Ludovicus
Pius, at the request of the Pope ^a 2 , confirmed the donations of his Grandfather
& father to the sea |e| of Rome. And in the confirmation he names first Rome
with its Dutchy extending into Tuscia 3 & Campania; & then the Exar-
chate of Ravenna, with Pentapolis; & in the third place, the territories
taken form the Lombards. These are his three conquests, & he was to
hold them of the Emperor for the use of the Church sub integritate,
entirely, without the Emperor's medling therewith, or with the
jurisdiction or power of the Pope therein, unless called thereunto
in certain cases. This ratification the Emperor Ludovicus made
under an oath. And as the king of the Ostrogoths, for acknowledging for acknow-
ledging that 4 |[|he held his kingdom of Italy of | y^e | Greek Emperor, stamped the effigies
of the Emperour on one side of his coins & his own on the Reverse; so the Pope
made the like acknowledgement to the western Emperor. For the Pope began
now to coy |i|ne money, & the coy |i|ns of Rome are hence forward found with the
head of the Emperors (Charles, Ludovicus Pius, Lotharius, & their successors)
on \the/ one side, & the Pope's inscription on the reverse, for many years.